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(iii) Land cannot be used as collateral for loans in some tenure systems. Establishing and maintaining trees requires substantial upfront effort and investment, but the potential future benefits are also high. Land tenure by free gift or pledgeviii. HARVESTING OF YAM48. Emir or a Baale decides how the land is to be divided among members for farming purpose usually at the beginning of each planting season. Nigeria land use act. This is important because when tenure is secure, rights holders are able to benefit from their investmentsboth labor and capitalin the land. Land tenure 3.1 Land tenure is the relationship, whether legally or customarily defined, among people, as individuals or groups, with respect to land. Bazga ( 2013) substantiates that land tenure studies are all to. The USDA, for example, recently put a working definition of agroforestry into official guidance. More than half of Victoria is freehold agricultural land (55%), while around 38% of the state is public land, consisting of National and State Parks, Forests and Declared Water Supply Catchments as shown in map 1. The land may be too expensive to purchaseii. For example, the USAID Land Administration to Nurture Development (LAND) project in Ethiopia is designed to support legal and regulatory reforms, as well as pilot activities in pastoral areas, to improve governance at the local level by providing communities with enhanced management, exclusion, and transferability rights over their natural assets, especially grazing land and water (USAID, 2014). A secure land tenure right is vital for successful agricultural development. FarmLASTS research report (2010). PROCESSES IN COCOA CULTIVATIONHOLING AND LINING40. The land so inherited from a single parent is shared among all his children and this eventually leads to fragmentation of the land. Although the potential benefits associated with CSAhigher yields and farm income, greater resilience, and climate change mitigationapply broadly, the types of practices and the investments required vary considerably. [PDF] Land tenure in Zambia - ResearchGate Tenure can be freehold, leasehold, conditional, collective, and communal. Land reform (also agrarian reform, though that can have . Land tenure by inheritanceiii. Edition by M.I. The lessee will exercise his right on the use and maintenance of the land for the period of lease. Land Tenure System in Hindu and Muslim Period 3. etc cannot be grown. Projections based on population growth and food consumption patterns indicate that by 2050 agricultural production will need to increase by at least 6070 percent to meet demand (FAO, 2013; World Bank, 2013). As land becomes more valuable, people have increased incentives to capture that value (Box 3). IPP Media published an article based on this blog.. By Khadija Mrisho, Land Tenure Analyst and Stand for Her Land Campaign Lead at Landesa Tanzania . Land Tenure Land tenure is defined as the possession of the legal rights to the use of land. Land Tenure Matters for Agricultural Productivity in Chad - World Bank (vi) It is characterized by litigation and misunderstanding. In this type. The government often grants a 999-year leasehold for agricultural land, a 99-year leasehold for urban plots, and about 33 years for urban trust territories. the premise of legally recognised land tenure as a prerequisite of thriving urban agriculture originates from the period of late 1990s till late 2000s when numerous by-laws restricting farming in urban areas ( mubvami and mushamba, 2006 ), together with cases of crop damage caused by municipal authorities, were observed and reported mostly across If you would like to change your settings or withdraw consent at any time, the link to do so is in our privacy policy accessible from our home page. These constraints in the land tenure environment may impact a farmers willingness to adopt particular CSA practices. It gives the owner compete freedom on the land. Land tenure is an institution, i.e., rules invented by societies to regulate behaviour. This study assesses the impact of insecure land tenure on sustainable agricultural development in Africa to demonstrate how the economic profitability of agriculture strongly depends on land tenure security. Agroforestry also requires that farmers have a sufficient bundle of rights to allow for the beneficial use of trees and associated products. However, strategies to improve rangeland conditions and achieve climate change and resilience benefits may require effective communal tenure and governance systems capable of managing livestock access to dry season grazing sites and water points (Liniger et al., 2011). The Agriculture, Land Reform, and Rural Development Minister Thoko Didiza says government is ready to deal with the contentious issue of national communal land tenure. Press. Proper planning in the development of such land can be done, Disadvantages or Problemsi. So, if you're going to do something with your land, it's just not about land as an asset. (x) It does not encourage planting of permanent crops. For example, a farmer wishing to adopt agroforestry practices to promote crop production may need to wait upwards of five years before he or she starts to realize benefits. By reducing enforcement of regulations enacted during colonial times that made trees state property, locals had increased incentives to better manage soil and tree resources on their farms. From an individual perspective, the decision to adopt a particular CSA practice is inherently a management issue. 2 Tenure refers to the status of individuals or groups in relationship to property. Land tenure security and farm efficiency in Indian agriculture Conversely, leasing out land may also allow less productive farmers to benefit more from their resource rightsboth parties gain from the trade of rights. It identifies the information youll need to estimate annual costs and benefits as well as net revenue during a lease term. Thus, the composition of a farmers land tenure and resource rights and how secure these are play a critical role in defining the stream of benefits that he or she can capture. Where fences or enclosures are required, these are costly investments that are highly site-specific. Given the long-term planning horizon, the large upfront investments and maintenance costs in early years, and the risks posed by even a short-term period of insecurity, as noted, farmers need a relatively secure bundle of rights over land and trees to have incentives to adopt agroforestry. When tenure leads to increases in investment, higher agricultural productivity, and improved food security, it disincentivizes economic migration, benefitting society. Eyerusalem Siba Wednesday, December 30, 2015. FeaturesThis is the type of land tenure in which land is inherited from ones parent or from one generation to another. Rights may be held separately or together as part of the bundle of rights. A Study on The Effects of Land Tenure System in Agricultural (xi) Land Use Act/Decree (of 1978 in Nigeria) made more land available to farmers for large Scale production(xii) Acquisition of land through freehold is expensive, thereby discouraging agricultural investors. Ideally, land ownership acquired by way of gift, inheritance, marriage, grant or sale. Land tenure by tenancyv. Yale Center for Environmental Law & Policy. The subdividing of farms in Mexico, Central America and the Andean nations, the concentration of land in the Southern Cone countries, and the pre-eminence of state land ownership in the Caribbean are the general trends detected in the structure of land tenure in Latin . We envision a region in which all communities and landscapes thrive through an integrated approach to environmental, economic, and social challenges. Unfortunately, broad implementation faces restrictions, such as the challenges of secure land tenure (as described in last weeks posting). 1.Royotwari Land Tenure System: Under this system every register holder of the land is recognized as its proprietor . The term "land" also includes other natural resources, such as water and trees. A farmers decision to adopt a particular practice and undertake the necessary investments is directly linked to the potential stream of benefits that may result. 40 percent of the country's land and approximately 98 percent of the country's crop land. Property rights can be short-term, such as a lease that lasts for the length of one growing season, or long-term, such as a 30-, 50-, or 99-year lease. Land Tenure Systems and Agricultural Productivity in Gombe Nigeria STAKING OF YAM47. Land tenure rules define the ways in which property rights to land are allocated, transferred, used, or managed in a particular society. Arrangements reflect linkages between land rights and water rights; these linkages determine participants contributions to the construction of the canal system and the distribution of lands among ethnic groups. Agricultural surveys in the east, the new focus of agricultural activity, have determined that 30 percent of the region is suitable for intensive . Some REDD+ projects are controversial in Peru, for example, where critics accuse them of threatening indigenous peoples use of landand potentially undermining climate change mitigation. One example of the unintended negative consequences of agricultural programming comes from the Gambia (Box 4), where women who had been using land for high-value horticulture production were displaced by men who leveraged a tree planting program to reclaim the land that had been set aside for the women (Schroeder, 1997). In the case of agroforestry, transferability is particularly important for two main reasons. As a result, women have increased incentives to restore the lands productivity and improve resilience (USAID, 2013a). Zambia has a dual land tenure system: customary tenure and formal title registration. The resources in this section provide key information to make decisions about lease agreements. CSA practices that focus on improving soil conditions for annual crop production may, on the other hand, be successful even in areas where tenure is not as secure because of the relatively low upfront costs and relatively quick payoffs. Vodovozova We have thousands of titles and often several . The Republic of Benin is used as the case study following the country's recent enactment of land law 2013-01 that focuses on reorganizing the land sector, which has . These rules may be established by the state or by custom, and rights may accrue to individuals, families, communities, or organizations. The additional resources below contain additional resources related to land valuation through the lens of soil health and directly related health- and conservation-focused land management: Using tools that test soil health and applying what we learn presents an opportunity to restore soil health and improve land management. The head of the community who may be a chief, an Oba, Obi. the land belongs to the entire community. One potential reason is their lack of tenure security. The ability to exclude others from using a given resource or parcel, or to place restrictions on how land can be used by others, plays an important role in determining the potential stream of benefits associated with a particular investment. Targeting vulnerable women in Senegal, the USAID-supported Yaajeende conservation agriculture program works with communities to allocate degraded and abandoned land to women who receive training and extension services to return the land to a productive state. Land Stewardship Land Tenure and Conservation in Agriculture Why Our Work is Needed Agricultural land management decisions are situated within a complex and interconnected system, influenced by a suite of social and economic factors, many of which are difficult to control. After applying CSA for a few seasons, the productive capacity of soil has improved enough to support the production of more valuable crops. To promote the adoption of CSA practices by pastoralists, countries may need to introduce measures to strengthen the bundle of rights that herders hold. Unfortunately, small farmers have not widely adopted CSA because of key barriers, including: a lack of access to inputs and materials; non-existent or unclear incentives and credits for providing environmental services; inadequate training and education; poor access to markets; limited research; andthe focus of this briefinsecure land tenure and resource rights (FAO, 2001, 2013; Liniger, Rima, Hauert, & Gurtner, 2011). The land tenure security of agricultural decision-makers who do not participate in off-farm employment is positively significant at the 1% significance level for non-grain behavior. The extent to which land tenure and property rights influence decisions to adopt (or not) CSA practices depends upon: 1) the make-up of the bundle of rights that farmers hold; 2) level of assurance of those rights; and 3) the type of practice under consideration, especially the types of investment this practice requires (Feder & Feeny, 1993). In order to improve access to land, the Government started implementing a land reform programme in 2005 through a market . We are developing a plan that will be comprehensive, equitable, partnership-driven, actionable, fundable, and measurable. In other words, leasehold tenure system is a special contract existing between a person called the leasor and another called the leasee for the lease of a piece of land for a specified period of years, which may be ten years, twenty years fifty years. KEYWORDS: land, tenure system, farm, layout, management, practice INTRODUCTION Land is an important natural resources and key factor of production of the agriculture sector and its tenure system which determines method of administration, acquisition and use is a complex one. The land tenure system in West Africa varies with tribes, communities and states. Despite widespread adoption in countries like Niger and Burkina Faso and elsewhere in the Sahel, farmers in Zambia have been slow to adopt Faidherbia albida, known locally as msangu. Delta Institute, 35 E. Wacker, Ste 1760, Chicago, IL 60601. To help meet future demand, climate-smart agriculture (CSA) may provide one environmentally sustainable strategy. Some forms of tenure (such as pastoral leases or nature conservation reserves) relate directly to land use and land management practice. land tenure is a key factor in the economic development of agricultural production . As these require significant upfront investments associated with preparing the land, in addition to explicit costs, such as for purchasing seeds and seedlings, adoption will be more likely where rights are secure and unlikely to be challenged (assurance) in the near- and medium-term (duration). Rather, it is an extremely important factor in a farmers or herders decision to adopt or not adopt a particular CSA practice.5 To maximize the effectiveness of programming designed to increase CSA uptake, policy makers and development practitioners need to consider land tenure and property rights issues and concerns in addition to other constraints. A complete guide to conducting soil health testing on farmland and evaluating the results, A memo describing considerations to be made when incorporating soil health data into farmland valuations, Forest Preserve District of DuPage County Developing a Clean Energy, Resiliency, and Sustainability Plan. First, since agroforestry benefits are realized in the medium- and long-term, if landholders cannot trade or bequeath rights to these long-term investments, they may have fewer incentives to undertake agroforestry. For example, in many countries, it is not necessarily the case that female farmers and migrants who have the right to grow annual crops on a given parcel also hold the rights to manage and benefit from trees that are or could be grown there. This will help to limit the potential for conflict arising from multiple claims and other rent-seeking behavior. Customary land tenure system provides that land should be owned by the skins, stools, families, and clan where authority is exercised by the clan elders, land priest or head of the family and in some instanced the administrative chief may be held in trust. They rule with the consent of. It determines who can use land, for how long and under what conditions. problem of land tenure system in agriculture. Developed and passed without public debate, the government's land reforms facilitated further land confiscation and . If CSA programs are not attentive to the likelihood of these problems, landholders whose land rights were secured by de facto ownership may find their claims threatened over time as improvements are made, new technologies are adopted, and the productivity of the land and its income generating potential are increased. (Source: USAID, 2013b; World Agroforestry Center, 2010). In cases where relatively little upfront investment is needed, or where the investment is not parcel-specific, farmers may not need strong land tenure security to adopt the CSA practice. BOX 3. (iii) There is limitation in the development of such land. A second approach to land tenure challenges involves pooling land under a public domain and then granting community access that is secure for the long term. For purposes of this brief, we draw on the larger body of literature (Bruce, Migot- Adholla, & Atherton, 1994; Meinzen-Dick, Knox, Place, & Swallow, 2002; Ostrom, 2000; Place & Swallow, 2002; Schlager & Ostrom, 1992) but also adopt the perspective of a landholder faced with a set of possible investment choices. Hence, this study sought to ascertain the effects of land fragmentation on farmland productivity in the highland districts of Northwestern Ethiopia by using cross-sectional data collected from 240 . Management rights determine the kinds of production strategies available to landholders. It ensures the maximum use of the land for increased production.ii. As a binding contract, the lease agreement is the key instrument that land managers and owners can use to ensure that their land is managed in a certain way. As a result, there is no one particular bundle of rights that applies broadly to all production systems and CSA practices. Land Tenure System in India | Agriculture The land can be used as collateral loans. Plantation agriculture can be practiced.iii. When exclusion rights are weak, landholdersmale and female alikehave fewer incentives to invest in CSA, since the actions of others place limitations on their current and future stream of benefits. Improving irrigation and land tenure in Burkina Faso These concepts are discussed in more detail below, including how they relate to the incentives underlying decisions on whether or not to adopt. information and does not represent the views or positions of the U.S. Agency for International Development or Since it can take 812 years before a farmer starts to realize benefits and upwards of 15 years to reach their full potential, farmers will be reluctant to plant msangu unless they are sure to enjoy the benefits. Their investmentsboth labor and capitalin the land to limit the potential future are! 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